Ikhaya > uhlu lokubonisa
Ukugaya kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokugaya. Imishini yokugaya ibhola efana iplanethi yebhola yokugaya, izinto ezibangela ukungasebenzi kahle, kanye nokugaya okubangelwa yi-cryogenic kuyizibonelo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ezahlukene zemidiya yokugaya. Ngayinye yalezi midiya inezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwayo. Sizoxoxa ngezinto ezimbalwa ezithonya ukukhethwa kwemidiya yokugaya kulesi sihloko. Sizobheka nezifundo ezenziwe ngokuthi ukugaya kuthinta kanjani izinto zokwelapha ezithambile futhi ezipulasitiki kakhulu.
Imithombo yokugaya esetshenziswa ezigayweni zebhola idala impuphu ecolekile evela ezintweni. Zisebenza ngaphansi komqondo wokuwa kanye nowokushayisana. Izigayweni zebhola zisebenzisa ububanzi bamabhola. Izinto eziqinile zizochotshozwa ngokushesha ngamabhola amancane kunamakhulu.
Ukusebenzisa umshini wokugaya ibhola kunezinzuzo eziningana. Enye yalezi yindlela inqubo yokugaya esebenza ngayo, okwenza ifaneleke ukusebenza njalo. Ingasebenza ezindaweni ezomile nezimanzi, okuyinzuzo eyengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akubizi ukufaka kuzo abahlinzeki bokugaya ibhola leplanethi.
Izigayo zebhola ziza ngemiklamo eyahlukene, kusukela kweyisisekelo kuya kweyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa umshini ngokwawo uyafana. Umthamo wesigayo ungase wehliswe noma wande kuye ngohlobo lwawo.
Izinto ezizogaywa zifakwa emshinini wokugaya ibhola nge-chute noma ngesikulufu. Ngemva kokungena emshinini wokugaya, izinto zigaywa ngokugingqa amabhola phezu kwesilinda. Amabhola angenziwa afane nensimbi, irabha, i-ceramic, noma ezinye izinto kuye ngohlobo.
Ukusebenza kahle kwemishini ekuguquleni amandla abe amandla omshini okunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho ukhetha umshini wokugaya ozowusebenzisa. Uhlobo lwezinto zokwakha luyisici esibalulekile. Kungase kudingeke usebenzise insimbi, izinto zobumba, irabha, noma insimbi engagqwali, kuye ngokuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani.
Ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokugaya kuthonywa kakhulu ubukhulu be-media yokugaya. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu zingahlukaniswa ngempumelelo kakhulu kusetshenziswa i-media encane. Ngokufanayo nalokhu, ukugaya okunembe kakhudlwana kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo njengokuthi umshini wokugaya ibhola weplanethi oqondile.
Kuye kwaboniswa ezifundweni eziningana ukuthi ukuhlolwa kungasetshenziswa ukunquma ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya zesampula. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhilela ukukalwa kosayizi wezinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu kanye nokwakhiwa kwemodeli yezibalo. Isibonelo, kwaboniswa ukuthi ngemva kokugaya i-aluminium cishe imizuzu eyi-100, kwatholakala i-crystallite encane kakhulu.
Ukugaya i-cryogenic kuyindlela yokugaya into enokushisa okuphansi kakhulu. Phakathi nale nqubo, izimpushana zensimbi zichotshozwa ngamabhola ahamba ngaphakathi kohlelo oluvaliwe.
Izinhlayiya ezikhiqizwa yi-cryomilling zinezindawo ezingakabonakali futhi zihlakazeke kahle. Zihlala zizinzile ku-methanol ngemva kwezinsuku eziyi-10. Kusetshenziswa le ndlela, izinhlayiya ezincane zingakhiwa ukuze zifanele ukusetshenziswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlayiya ezigayiwe nge-cryo azikwazi ukuguguleka. Kuwusizo futhi ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi.
Kwenziwe izifundo ezahlukahlukene ukuhlola umphumela wokugaya i-cryo ku-micro-strain, ukuzinza kokushisa kanye nobumsulwa bempuphu. Kusetshenziswe i-electron probe micro analyzer ukuphenya ngesimo sayo, i-oxidation, ukungcola kwangaphandle kanye nokuhluzwa kwezinhlamvu zempuphu egayiwe.
Usayizi wekristali wempuphu ye-Al ecryomilled wawuhluka kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-15 nm ngemva kwemizuzu engu-390 yokugaya ibhola. Usayizi ojwayelekile wokusanhlamvu wawungu-40 nm.
Enqubweni yokugaya, kusetshenziswa amandla okushaya kanye nokusika umkhiqizo. La mandla asetshenziselwa ukuphula izinhlayiya ezinkulu zibe ezincane. Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokugaya. Ezinye zezindlela ezivame kakhulu zifaka phakathi imishini yokugaya yesando neyejethi, imishini yokugaya yephini, kanye nokuhlukanisa umoya njenge umshini webhola leplanethi elebhu.
Izigayo zesando nezejethi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukugaywa kwezinsimbi. Ngokuvamile zihlonyiswe ngohlelo lokucindezela okuphezulu. Lokhu kungaba phakathi kwamabha ayi-10 kuya kwangama-50. Ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokucindezela okuphezulu kungavimbela umonakalo wemishini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izigayo zephini zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto eziwuphuphu. Lezi zigayo zifakwe i-rotor eyindilinga. Lapho imbiza ijikeleza, umkhiqizo uthinteka phakathi kwama-beads. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezigayo zephini: insimbi eyakhiwe kanye nensimbi ephothiwe.
I-Tencan iyisikhungo sokukhiqiza esinendawo engamamitha-skwele angama-20,000 kanye nesikhungo socwaningo nokuthuthukiswa esingamamitha-skwele angama-2,000. I-Tencan inochungechunge lwemikhiqizo emihlanu oluhlanganisa amamodeli angaphezu kwama-40 kanye nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-400 zezesekeli nezingxenye ezisele ezihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zamakhasimende ngazo zonke izindlela. Laboratory iplanethi yebhola yokugayaUTencan uthole amalungelo obunikazi engeziwe angu-30 futhi usebenzisana nodokotela abangu-20 bamanyuvesi amahlanu adumile.
Izindawo ezintathu zebhizinisi eziyinhloko zenkampani yethu ubuchwepheshe bempuphu yomkhiqizi wemishini yempuphu, kanye nezinto zempuphu. Imikhiqizo yethu eyinhloko okwamanje ifaka zonke izinhlobo zezigayo zebhola ezisetshenziswa elebhu, imishini yokuchoboza nokugaya, imishini yokuhlola, ukuxuba nokuxuba, kanye neminye imishini yelebhu efana namabhokisi amagilavu, kanye neminye imishini yocwaningo lwesayensi.
Le nkampani iphumelele ngempumelelo ohlelweni lokulawula ikhwalithi lwe-ISO9001, i-CE, i-SGS, noma ezinye izitifiketi zezinhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani inobuchwepheshe obune-patent obungaphezu kuka-40 obuyisisekelo, ngamunye unamalungelo awo empahla yobuhlakani. Iqinisekiswe "njengebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ngaphakathi kweSifundazwe saseHunan" nguhulumeni one- umshini wokugaya ibhola weplanethi webhubhu.
Amanyuvesi, izikhungo zocwaningo kanye nezinkampani ezisekelwe kubuchwepheshe yizo amakhasimende amakhulu. Zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo kumakhasimende angaphezu kuka-20,000 emhlabeni jikelele futhi zithumela kwamanye amazwe angaphezu kuka-60.
Ukugaya kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekwenziweni kwezinhlayiya ezincane zemithi. Le nqubo ishintsha ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nobulukhuni bomphezulu. Ibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlayiya ezincane zemithi ezidingekayo ekulungiseleleni okuphathelene nokuzala. Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokugaya ezisetshenziswa kule njongo. Lesi sihloko sinikeza umbono jikelele wamasu okugaya avamile kanye nemiphumela anayo ekubunjweni kwezinhlayiya, izici zomphezulu kanye nokusebenza kwazo.
Izifundo eziningana zikhombisile ukuthi ukuguquguquka okubangelwa ukugaya kungathuthukisa ukuncibilika kwemithi eminingana. Isibonelo, i-piroxicam ne-naproxen kutholakale ukuthi zibonisa ukuncibilika okuthuthukisiwe ngemva kokugaya. Ngaphandle kokwandisa ukuncibilika, ukuguquguquka kuthuthukisa nokucindezelwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugaya kungaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwesakhiwo samakristalu. Amakristalu anjalo angahlelekile anokuqina okuphansi kwe-thermodynamic futhi angaguquka ngesikhathi sokugcina. Ezinye zalezi zindawo ezingaguquki zingaba ezingaguquki ngokwe-thermodynamic futhi zingabangela ukuguqulwa okungaguquki kwe-crystalline.
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